GIS支持下三峡库区秭归县滑坡灾害空间预测   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

彭令  牛瑞卿  陈丽霞 《地理研究》2010,29(10):1889-1898

基于GIS空间分析和统计模型相结合进行区域评价与空间预测是滑坡灾害研究的重要方向之一。以三峡库区秭归县为研究区,选择坡度、坡向、边坡结构、工程岩组、排水系统、土地利用和公路开挖作为评价因子。为提高模型的预测精度、可信度和推广能力,利用窗口采样规则降低训练样本之间的空间相关性。建立Logistic回归模型,对滑坡灾害与评价因子进行定量相关性分析。计算研究区滑坡灾害易发性指数,对其进行聚类分析,绘制滑坡易发性分区图,其中高、中易发区占整个研究区面积的38.9%,主要分布在人类工程活动频繁和靠近排水系统的区域。经过验证,该模型的预测精度达到77.57%。  相似文献   

三峡库区梁滩河流域水化学与硝酸盐污染   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

刘相超  祖波  宋献方  夏军  唐常源  张依章 《地理研究》2010,29(4):629-639

运用水化学和水质分析技术,测定了三峡库区梁滩河流域地表水体和地下水体中的水化学组成和硝酸盐氮含量,揭示了梁滩河流域地表水和地下水水体的水化学组成和硝酸盐污染的空间分布规律、来源及循环过程。结果表明:梁滩河流域地表水的硝酸盐污染表现为沿着地表径流从上游到下游呈现出加重的趋势,这种污染趋势与养殖业、生活和工农业废污水的沿程直接排放有着直接关系;而地下水硝酸盐污染呈现出流域上游和下游较轻、而中游东侧支流区域较重的空间分布特征,这种空间分布特征与地表水体中氨氮和有机氮的含量、地表水与地下水之间的补给排泄关系、厚层土壤包气带的存在以及土地利用状况等因素有着密切的关系。  相似文献   

Do river deltas in east India retreat? A case of the Krishna Delta     

Nilantha Gamage  Vladimir Smakhtin 《Geomorphology》2009,103(4):533-540

The construction of multiple dams and barrages in many Indian River basins over the last few decades significantly reduced river flow to the sea and affected the sediment regime. More reservoir construction is planned through the proposed National River Linking Project (NRLP), which will transfer massive amounts of water from the North to the South of India. The impacts of these developments on fertile and ecologically sensitive deltaic environments are poorly understood and quantified at present. In this paper an attempt is made to identify, locate and quantify coastal erosion and deposition processes in one of the major river basins in India—the Krishna—using a time series of Landsat images for 1977, 1990 and 2001 with a spatial resolution ranging from 57.0 m to 28.5 m. The dynamics of these processes are analyzed together with the time series of river flow, sediment discharge and sediment storage in the basin. Comparisons are made with similar processes identified and quantified earlier in the delta of a neighboring similarly large river basin—the Godavari. The results suggest that coastal erosion in the Krishna Delta progressed over the last 25 years at the average rate of 77.6 ha yr^− 1, dominating the entire delta coastline and exceeding the deposition rate threefold. The retreat of the Krishna Delta may be explained primarily by the reduced river inflow to the delta (which is three times less at present than 50 years ago) and the associated reduction of sediment load. Both are invariably related to upstream reservoir storage development.  相似文献   

Seismically reactivated Hattian slide in Kashmir, Northern Pakistan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jean F. Schneider 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(3):387-398

The Pakistan 2005 earthquake, of magnitude 7.6, caused severe damage on landscape and infrastructure, in addition to numerous casualties. The event reactivated Hattian Slide, creating a rock avalanche in a location where earlier mass movements had happened already, as indicated by satellite imagery and ground investigation. The slide originated on Dana Hill, in the upper catchment area of Hattian on Karli Stream, a tributary of Jhelum River, Pakistan, and buried the hamlet Dandbeh and several farms nearby. A natural dam accumulated, impounding two lakes, the larger one threatening parts of downstream Hattian Village with flooding. An access road and artificial spillways needed to be constructed in very short time to minimize the flooding risk. As shown by this example, when pointing out the risk of large-scale damage to population and infrastructure by way of hazard indication maps of seismically active regions, and preparing for alleviation of that risk, it is advisable to consider the complete Holocene history of the slopes involved.  相似文献   

汶川8.0级地震前紫坪铺水库小震活动及震源参数研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张致伟  程万正  张永久  谢蓉华  傅莺 《中国地震》2009,25(4)

利用区域和水库地震台网记录的数字地震波资料,研究了汶川8.0级地震前的2000年1月1日～2008年5月11日紫坪铺水库区的地震活动及震源参数.结果表明:汶川8.0级地震前该区域小震活动持续,地震活动水平为M_L2～3,自2005年9月紫坪铺水库蓄水以来,特别是2008年2月地震活动明显增加,但从长期的序列来看,地震活动频次和强度仍在区域地震活动的正常起伏范围.汶川8.0级地震发生前近3个月内,中小地震的视应力差值△σ_(app)普遍大于0,计算得到的视应力总大于其拟合值.汶川8.0级地震震中位于低应力区,而相对较高的视应力差值分布在震中以东地区,局部出现视应力增加的现象.  相似文献   

河源新丰江地区地震烈度、地震影响场与新丰江水库大坝设防烈度   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨马陵  何萍  万永芳 《华南地震》2009,29(4):1-7

简述了1950年以来新丰江水库地区和水库大坝地震烈度的变化,并对新旧大坝设防烈度进行了对比,认为按现今的国家标准,新丰江水库大坝的设防烈度为Ⅶ度强。对库区6次4级以上地震的烈度宏观调查数据进行了分析,拟合了河源地区的地震烈度衰减关系,并与华南地区的地震烈度关系进行了比较．最后计算了新丰江水库地区的在5-6级地震情况下的宏观烈度影响场。  相似文献   

龙滩库区蓄水初期水库诱发地震活动分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

史水平  陆炳情  龙政强  韦东 《地震地磁观测与研究》2009,30(6):6-11

龙滩水利枢纽位于广西天峨,是一座典型高坝大库容水库。本文通过对库区及周围的地质构造和蓄水前后地震活动分析,总结了龙滩水库蓄水初期诱发地震的时间、空间和深度分布特征以及蓄水后库区水位变化与地震活动关系,讨论了龙滩库区蓄水初期诱发地震机理。  相似文献   

龙滩水库地震精定位及活动特征研究   总被引：18，自引：6，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

陈翰林  赵翠萍  修济刚  陈章立 《地球物理学报》2009,52(8):2035-2043

本文利用结合了波形互相关技术的双差定位法对龙滩库区2006年至2007年发生的地震进行了精确定位,并对其活动特征进行了分析.通过定位结果的比较,证明利用波形互相关技术提取的地震对的P、S波走时差数据及双差精定位法显著地提高了定位的精度和质量.对龙滩库区地震活动特征的研究结果表明,龙滩库区的地震活动与水库蓄水过程密切相关,成丛分布的地震活动分别表现出对水库蓄水过程不同的响应过程和活动特征,反应了龙滩库区在岩性特征、渗透条件、地质构造及应力场等方面存在局部性差异.  相似文献   

信阳市大型水库功能演变对水库水质的影响——以南湾水库为例     

余国忠  苏华  刘向春  赵承美  郜慧  黄昆 《地域研究与开发》2009,28(1)

水库水质污染是水库利用过程中比较普遍发生的现象,水库利用过程体现为水库功能及其演变,研究水库功能及其演变与水库水质变化的关系,有助于科学、合理利用水库.信阳市是河南省内大型水库众多的地区之一,南湾水库是该市最大的水库,目前功能最多,在区域社会发展中作用重大.以该水库为例,运用相关分析法,探讨了该水库自1997年以来的水质波动状况与其功能演变之间的关系,发现:旅游经济、养殖业经济发展与水库总氮、总磷、石油类等水质指标之间存在比较显著的正相关关系,表明该水库发展旅游功能、养殖功能存在着环境制约性,对大型水库开发利用必须注意其生态环境承载能力;相关分析是一种将水库水质污染指标与水库污染源实现连接的简捷量化分析方法.  相似文献   

Projection of Water Availability in the Miyun Watershed from an RCM Simulation          下载免费PDF全文

SHI Ying  GAO Xue-Jie 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(6):468-472

Based on a high-resolution regional climate model (RegCM3) simulation over East Asia, future climate changes over the Miyun Reservoir in the 21st century under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario are analyzed. The model simulation extends from 1951 to 2100 at a grid spacing of 25 km and is one-way nested within a global model of MIROC3.2_ hires (the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate). The focus of the analysis is on the Watershed of Miyun Reservoir, the main water supply for Beijing in northern China. The results show that RegCM3 reproduces the observed temperature well but it overestimates precipitation over the region. Significant warming in the 21st century is simulated in the annual mean, December-January-February (DJF) and June-July-August (JJA), although with differences concerning the spatial distribution and magnitude. Changes in precipitation for the annual mean, DJF, and JJA also show differences. A prevailing increase of precipitation in DJF and a decrease of it in JJA is projected over the region, while little change in the annual mean is projected. Changes of the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration to measure the potential water availability are also presented in the paper.  相似文献